The prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- producing Enterobacteriaceae in urinary isolates from patients visiting a teaching hospital in northern Kerala, India
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چکیده
..................................................................................................................................... 3 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................. 4 Background ................................................................................................................................ 5 Antibiotic resistance ............................................................................................................... 5 Enterobacteriaceae.................................................................................................................. 5 ESBL ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Carbapenem resistance ........................................................................................................... 6 Antibiotic resistance in the developing world ........................................................................ 6 Previous studies ...................................................................................................................... 7 Objective .................................................................................................................................... 7 Aim ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Method ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Setting ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Inclusion & exclusion criteria ................................................................................................ 8 Collection methods ................................................................................................................. 8 Bacterial isolates..................................................................................................................... 8 Specimen handling ................................................................................................................. 8 Species identification ............................................................................................................. 9 Antibiotic susceptibility testing .............................................................................................. 9 Ethical considerations........................................................................................................... 11 Statistics................................................................................................................................ 11 Result ........................................................................................................................................ 11 Study population .............................................................................................................. 11 Species identification ....................................................................................................... 12 Antibiotic susceptibility ................................................................................................... 13 Discussion ................................................................................................................................ 14 Limitations............................................................................................................................ 15 Study population .............................................................................................................. 15 Culture reports .................................................................................................................. 16 Clinical sources of error ................................................................................................... 16 Laboratory sources of error .............................................................................................. 17 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 17 Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................... 17 References ................................................................................................................................ 18
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